Scotland’s top judge Lord Hamilton. THE CREDIBILITY of highly restrictive arrangements Scotland’s top judge, the Lord President, Lord Hamilton wishes to impose on the introduction of McKenzie Friends to Scotland’s Courts have been called into question for a second time after Consumer Focus Scotland launched a stinging attack on Lord Hamilton’s February announcement to the Scottish Parliament’s Petitions Committee in which he stated he had decided to finally allow, albeit with as some have dubbed ‘draconian restrictions’, the appearance of McKenzie Friends (the well known courtroom assistants to party litigants) in Scotland’s courts some FORTY YEARS after their introduction in England & Wales.
Consumer Focus are the second consumer organisation to criticise overly strict plans for McKenzie Friends in Scotland. The latest criticisms by Scotland’s own consumer watchdog of Lord Hamilton’s apparently reluctantly announced plans for the introduction of McKenzie Friends come after UK wide consumer organisation WHICH? heavily criticised the Lord President’s plans to require those appearing as McKenzie Friends in Scotland’s courts to sign a certificate and give declarations of interest, requirements not commonly sought in any other jurisdiction which allows McKenzie Friends to assist the growing numbers of unrepresented party litigants now using our courts. You can read my earlier article on the criticisms from WHICH?, here : Consumer legal chiefs question Lord Hamilton’s plans for McKenzie Friends as calls grow for fairer deal for Scots court users
Consumer Focus expressed concerns over certification process of McKenzie Friends in Scottish Courts. Consumer Focus stated in their response to Holyrood : “Consumer Focus Scotland has particular concerns about the proposals for a certification process to be followed when an unrepresented litigant wishes to use a McKenzie Friend in the Court of Session. There is no requirement for such a process to be followed in England and Wales, where an unrepresented litigant would usually submit a letter to the court requesting to use a McKenzie Friend, or would inform a court official when attending a hearing. We are extremely disappointed by the rationale given for introducing such a certification process in Scotland. The rules state that a certificate is to be submitted ‘to enable the court to police the behaviour of a lay assistant and, in an extreme case, to exercise a sanction against him or her.’ This gives entirely the wrong impression about how the judiciary is to view and approach the function of a McKenzie Friend.”
A Judge or sheriff should be able to take action if a McKenzie Friend steps out of line : “We believe it is entirely appropriate that the sheriff or judge be given some discretion to take action where he/she is unhappy with the behaviour of a McKenzie Friend, such as warning them about their behaviour. However, McKenzie Friends in their traditional sense are in court in a supportive capacity to an unrepresented litigant. By providing moral support or indeed offering guidance, for example suggesting questions for the litigant to ask, a McKenzie Friend may help the litigant present their case better. We see this as an advantage not only to the unrepresented litigant but also to the court and the other party in the litigation. If these advantages are to be realised in practice, it will be necessary for McKenzie Friends to be approached in a positive way by the bench.”
Lord Hamilton’s plans for requiring the signing of a certificate by a party litigant & their McKenzie Friend were called into question : “We are also concerned that the information required to be provided within the certificate is contradictory and could be confusing for consumers. Our interpretation of the proposals is that a person related to the litigant will not be excluded from acting as a McKenzie Friend. However, it is unclear how such a person could be said to have ‘no interest in the case,’ and we are not clear in any case why the fact that someone is a relative of the litigant is of any relevance.”
Consumer Focus went onto criticise Lord Hamilton’s requirements of a potential McKenzie Friend’s “relevant experience” : “We are also unsure of what is intended to be demonstrated in terms of ‘relevant’ experience to act as a McKenzie Friend, nor why evidence of such experience should be necessary. In many circumstances, particularly where a McKenzie Friend is related to the litigant, or being brought along because they are a close friend or colleague, the McKenzie Friend is unlikely to have any prior court experience. The requirement to provide evidence of ‘relevant experience’ also introduces an element of professional services which appears somewhat contrary to the requirement that a McKenzie Friend receive no remuneration for their services, and to the Lord President’s proposal that they would not be able to act as the party’s agent.”
Oddly however, Consumer Focus Scotland chose to support plans to forbid McKenzie Friends from being paid for their assistance, this despite case law & accepted practice in England & Wales where McKenzie Friends can receive payment for their services, payments which are usually significantly lower than what a solicitor would charge their client. Consumer Focus said on the issue of payment to McKenzie Friends in Scotland : “We support the view expressed both by the Lord President and the Scottish Civil Courts Review that McKenzie Friends should not be remunerated for their assistance. We believe this is a necessary measure to protect consumers from unscrupulous practice emerging.”
Consumer Focus continued, raising fears of party litigants being disadvantaged without a McKenzie Friend against opposing legal teams : “We would worry about the effect of such formal rules on the use of McKenzie Friends in court. As was stated in our earlier evidence to the Committee, we know from our own research with sheriff court users, and indeed from other research, that many people experience considerable anxiety when attending court. Unrepresented litigants are very often faced with a solicitor representing the other side, within an intimidating and formal setting dominated by lawyers wearing formal dress and using legal language. We have long been concerned that this places unrepresented litigants at a potential disadvantage in court proceedings and indeed may deter people from pursuing legal action. Having the support of a McKenzie Friend could help take away some of the fear associated with appearing in court and therefore potentially improve the experience of unrepresented litigants in court.”
Lord Woolman granted Scotland’s first Civil Law McKenzie Friend. The case that broke the forty year mould on McKenzie Friends in Scotland, Martin Wilson v North Lanarkshire Council & Others saw Lord Woolman grant Scotland’s first Civil Law McKenzie Friend in the Court of Session in mid November 2009, albeit forcing the McKenzie Friend to sit behind the party litigant, Mr Wilson in one of Scotland’s longest running civil damages action cases. You can read more about this in an earlier article, here : First use of McKenzie Friend in Scotland as Court of Session sweeps aside 40 years of lawyers monopoly over public access to justice
Consumer Focus went onto express serious concerns over Lord Hamilton’s overly strict rules on McKenzie Friends : “We have concerns, however, that requiring the unrepresented litigant and the McKenzie Friend to follow a formal certification process will do nothing to allay such fears about appearing in court, and may in fact increase it. We would have serious concerns that the rules as drafted would put many people off using, or agreeing to be, a McKenzie Friend. We do not dispute that there may be some instances where a judge would like to seek more information on the individual acting as a McKenzie Friend, to be reassured that the McKenzie Friend is not receiving remuneration for example. However, we do not believe it is necessary, or proportionate, for such formal assurances to be sought in every case. It might be appropriate, for example, for the judge simply to ask the unrepresented litigant who they had brought along with them to support them.”
English guidance has no force of court rules, raising more questions on overly strict Scottish conditions for McKenzie Friends : “While the Lord President appears to have based much, though not all, of his approach on guidance issued by the President of the Family Division of the Judiciary of England and Wales, we would emphasise that the guidance in England and Wales is entirely that: guidance. The approach in England and Wales does not have the force of court rules, and neither the McKenzie Friend, litigant nor the member of the judiciary are required to comply with the guidance.
Consumer Focus attacked Lord President’s plans for McKenzie Friends as being “very prescriptive” : “The court rules proposed by the Lord President appear very prescriptive, giving the judge or sheriff little discretion to take a proportionate approach to the use of a McKenzie Friend, depending on the circumstances of the case. As stated above, we would be worried about the effect that such a lack of discretion and applying a stringent approach to the use of McKenzie Friends would have on the number of people who might want/be able to make use of the function. In particular, we would have serious concerns if a similar approach to that proposed for the Court of Session Rules were to be adopted by the Sheriff Court Rules Council for use in the sheriff court, where a far greater number of unrepresented litigants appear.”
Lord Gill supported the introduction of McKenzie Friends in his Civil Courts Review. Scotland’s Lord Justice Clerk, Lord Gill also supported the introduction of McKenzie Friends to Scotland’s Civil courts, reported on at length in his Civil Courts Review, although mentioned none of the strict conditions which the Lord President, Lord Hamilton now wishes to impose on the Scottish version of a McKenzie Friend. You can read more about Lord Gill’s Civil Courts Review here : Scots Law 'shake up' as Lord Gill’s Civil Courts Review supports McKenzie Friends, Class Actions & wider access to justice for all
While expressing support for Lord Hamilton’s commitment to clarify the rules on McKenzie Friends in Scottish courts, Consumer Focus went onto say they do not believe the proposed approach to formalising the rules around McKenzie Friends is the best one, particularly as it could be subject to change by a future Lord President. Consumer Focus expressed their preferred approach to formalising the rules on McKenzie Friends as follows : “It is Consumer Focus Scotland’s view that the best way to ensure that there is a strong presumption in favour of a McKenzie Friend is to enshrine this right in primary legislation. The current confusion surrounding this area suggests such legislation is a necessary step. Taking this approach would make the use of a McKenzie Friend a tangible right, which would be in the interests of consumers who may wish to ask for permission to have one and would also clarify the rules for the judiciary and court service staff.”
“Such legislation should not be prescriptive but should set out the general principles surrounding the use of a McKenzie Friend. Court rules could then be used to supplement such legislation by providing guidance to the judiciary as to an appropriate approach for dealing with requests for McKenzie Friends as well as outlining the parameters of what a McKenzie Friend can and can’t do. As discussed above, any court rules relating to McKenzie Friends should not be so prescriptive as to take away the discretion of a sheriff or judge to respond flexibly to the circumstances of each particular case.”
“While we believe there should be a strong presumption in favour of a McKenzie Friend, we do, however, agree this should not be an absolute right and a judge or sheriff should retain the discretion to restrict the use of a McKenzie Friend when it is impeding the proper administration of justice. This principle could again be set out in court rules, to be applied at a judge’s discretion.”
“Enshrining the general principle in primary legislation, with further detail outlined in court rules, is the current approach generally taken to rules around rights of audience for lay representatives in the sheriff court, such as in the recent Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act. We would suggest that a similar approach would be appropriate for formalising the rules for McKenzie Friends in Scotland.”
“It is our understanding that the Scottish Government intends to bring amendments at Stage 2 of the Legal Services (Scotland) Bill to allow those without a right of audience, such as McKenzie Friends, to be granted rights of audience in certain circumstances. We would like to see this amendment outline the principle of the right to use a McKenzie Friend in the traditional sense in Scotland.”
A retired Scottish solicitor who is in favour of the introduction of McKenzie Friends to Scotland, commented on the criticisms of the Lord President from Consumer Focus.
He said : “This is the second time a consumer organisation has raised serious doubts about the credibility of the Lord President’s plans to force strict requirements on the use of McKenzie Friends in Scottish courts. It must therefore be clear to all there are significant problems with the Lord President’s proposals which appear to put Scotland out of step with other jurisdictions, and may lead to unfair practice in the courts where unrepresented party litigants are again at a disadvantage, finding the rules on McKenzie Friends so strict that one cannot be obtained.”
He continued : “Whilst I note the Scottish Government intends action on the issue, I for one would welcome an appearance by the Lord President before the Parliament to explain his reasoning behind his stringent requirements for McKenzie Friends. I believe it is vital the public be allowed to hear Lord Hamilton’s point of view, which should in turn be questioned by our elected MSPs.”
However, an experienced individual with a legal background, who has successfully assisted many unrepresented party litigants in the English courts questioned Consumer Focus Scotland’s support for Lord Hamilton's proposal to ban Scottish McKenzie Friends from receiving payment for their assistance.
He said : “There are already established parameters in the English courts where McKenzie Friends can and have been paid for their assistance to unrepresented court users. There has to my knowledge been no problems with this from either side of the court or from the bench, and I do not see why a consumer organisation would support a condition which may very well deter proficient & experienced individuals with legal backgrounds or other walks of life coming forward to offer their services as McKenzie Friends to those in need.”
A particular piece of case law from the English Family courts which supports the remuneration of McKenzie Friends for their services can be found here : N (A Child) [2009] EWHC 2096 (Fam) Case No: FD03P02333 where the judge, Mr Justice Munby concluded “The father’s McKenzie Friend is entitled to charge, if he can find clients willing to pay his fees, at an hourly rate which can hardly be said to be extravagant when contrasted with the fees one frequently finds being charged to privately paying clients in family cases".
The next hearing of Petition 1247 - McKenzie Friends for Scotland will be on 20 April 2010 at the Scottish Parliament’s Petitions Committee. Be there if you can, and please support the introduction of McKenzie Friends in Scottish courts on an as equal and fair basis as exists in the remainder of the UK.
To view my earlier coverage of the campaign to bring McKenzie Friends to Scotland, click here : Bringing McKenzie Friends to Scotland's Courts - The story so far
also its now illegal in Scotland to make money in court unless you are a lawyer ?
ReplyDeletevery odd indeed that a 'consumer' organisation would come out with that !
"We are extremely disappointed by the rationale given for introducing such a certification process in Scotland. The rules state that a certificate is to be submitted ‘to enable the court to police the behaviour of a lay assistant and, in an extreme case, to exercise a sanction against him or her.’ This gives entirely the wrong impression about how the judiciary is to view and approach the function of a McKenzie Friend"
ReplyDeleteWell you see the problem here is Lord Hamilton is in charge of the courts therefore what he usually says goes,without need of silly little things such as having to justify it or giving his rationale.
Put one individual in charge of it all and this is what you get.Only yourselves to blame my fellow Scots !
Clearly the Lord President is determined to maintain the long since discredited civil justice system in as far as is possible - hence his absurd, eleventh hour provisos.
ReplyDeleteHopefully the interests of justice and those of the consumer will prevail.
It is now only proper that Lord Hamilton is given every opportunity to answer questions in parliament and assume the full burden of his professional responsibilities.
I cannot understand how a man who is legally only answerable to himself can have any credibility in the first place.
ReplyDeleteGet a grip Hamilton, you are an insult to our intelligence.
Good to see the consumer lobby following your lead at last.
ReplyDeleteKeep up the good work Peter!
If Hamilton was getting brain surgery then he would be right wanting someone capable and competent to operate. His arguement for a McKenzie friend having experience and signing a document to confirm this is preposterous.
ReplyDeleteWhat Hamilton wants is life sized cardboard cutout McKenzie friends because he is using every dirty trick to undermine what he has implemented. He is clearly a man with deeply entrenched views of how the legal system should be.
seems a big enough issue to be in the election ?
ReplyDeletehope to hear some success on it soon along with getting rid of these judges who are holding up our rights
Looking at what Consumer Focus have said is almost word for word everything you've already written on this McKenzie Friend business.
ReplyDeleteDid they copy you or did you write it for them with a few differences added in ?
“We support the view expressed both by the Lord President and the Scottish Civil Courts Review that McKenzie Friends should not be remunerated for their assistance. We believe this is a necessary measure to protect consumers from unscrupulous practice emerging.”
ReplyDeleteWhat nonsense is this ?
How about unscrupulous practice from the legal profession in charging clients sky high fees for bungling their cases ?
19:46
ReplyDeleteI am thinking along the same lines!
Very typically a Scottish mess this whole McKenzie friend thing and I also am very surprised to see this Consumer Focus Scotland argue they shouldn't be paid for their work.
ReplyDeleteHow many people do anything for nothing these days ?
Its incredible really to come out and say something like that in 2010.
Any lawyer who talks about protecting consumers is a liar.
ReplyDeleteIf Lord Hamilton is trying to make a food out of the Scottish justice system he is doing a very good job of it.He should be hauled before that equally useless Parliament and given a good questioning on his motives for all these conditions on McKenzie Friend.
ReplyDeleteThanks for the case law ref on remuneration.Consumer Focus must have missed that one because now their credibility looks iffy too.
ReplyDeleteGood afternoon Lord Hamilton,
ReplyDeleteYou are in charge of Scotlands legal system. You have great unnacountable power. Can you tell us why you do nothing about Mr Cherbi's case, and redeem yourself in the process. I am sure you see yourself as much more important than Penman, Mill, Howitt etc.
Furthermore why do your litigation lawyers take clients cases on when the clients employer is insured by the same company as Scotlands lawyers. In reality, your honest self regulating lawyers are robbing the taxpayer of millions of pountd each year for cases they cannot possibly and do not want to win.
Lawyers, doctors, employers all insured by Royal Sun Alliance, so your lawyers insurers would be paying their clients damages.
It seems bizarre indeed that a man in charge of criminals has any right to put conditions on McKenzie friends at all.
People of Scotland Lord Arthur Hamilton is a man who turns a blind eye to massive lawyer corruption. No one can win their case. If Mr Cherbi could get a lawyer he could trust to sue Penman, the damages (you have guessed it) would have to be paid by Royal Sun Alliance.
In conclusion no one can sue a Scottish lawyer, accountant, doctor, because they are all insured by Royal SunAlliance. Check mate Lord Hamilton, you oversee a self protecting criminal cartel.
Well congratulations to Consumer Focus Scotland for pointing out everything Peter has been writing about for over a year !
ReplyDeleteHope to see McKenzie Friends in court soonish !
Yes I would agree with you Peter - this latest from Consumer Focus just about does in any credibility Hamilton has left on McKenzie Friends.Best he should just allow the same rights to Scotland as everyone else instead of all this control freakery.
ReplyDeleteGood luck with the campaign.
A friend of yours at the Scotsman recommended I read your blog and the work on McKenzie Friends.
ReplyDeleteThis would be very useful to my case against my local council who have gone round all my local solicitors and told them not to take my case which is basically the council have stolen 400sq.m of my land to sell it with a large parcel of their own land to developers.
If you are interested I can send you some of the letters where they admit they had marked a false boundary and now they wont acknowledge anything I send to them.
Thanks for all your comments on this article ...
ReplyDeleteIt will be interesting to see what happens next to Lord Hamilton's original plans for McKenzie Friends ...
# Anonymous @ 11 April 18.33
By all means please send on the details of your case, my contact details are in my profile.
Considering the fool you have made out of this judge I'm surprised he hasn't ordered you killed !
ReplyDeleteIf Henry VIII said behead him, it was done. Hamilton is the same beheading Scottish consumers of legal rights. He is against equality so he is a despot, a discriminator, hardly a man who is fit to have the power he has.
ReplyDeleteI've read through those Consumer documents you posted.Where do they come from exactly ?
ReplyDeleteFantastic news to see you have such support on this one Peter and hope it all goes well.
ReplyDeleteTime for the Lord President to be held accountable by the Scottish Parliament for all the double talk he has been spouting.
ReplyDeleteI dont see any announcement on the Consumer Focus website.Where are these documents located ?
ReplyDeleteAnonymous said...
ReplyDeleteA friend of yours at the Scotsman recommended I read your blog and the work on McKenzie Friends.
This would be very useful to my case against my local council who have gone round all my local solicitors and told them not to take my case which is basically the council have stolen 400sq.m of my land to sell it with a large parcel of their own land to developers.
If you are interested I can send you some of the letters where they admit they had marked a false boundary and now they wont acknowledge anything I send to them.
11 April 2010 18:33
GET THE INFO TO PETER AND GET IT IN THE NEWSPAPERS !!! CROOKED COUNCILS ARE KEPT AFLOAT BY THEIR CROOKED LEGAL TEAMS !
There was a small mention of this story in today's Scotsman but you wont find it online as their law section this week has disappeared from the web.
ReplyDeleteYou should start your own law gazette Peter.It would be much more informative and dare I say 'exciting' !
Three politicians accused of fiddling their expenses have won a bid to get the public to pick up their legal bill.
ReplyDeleteCourt officials confirmed that the trio of Labour MPs will receive taxpayer-funded legal aid.
David Chaytor, Elliot Morley and Jim Devine are due to go on trial later this year accused of theft by false accounting.
They are accused of stealing almost £60,000 in allowances through false mortgage applications, rent claims and invoices for services.
The cost of preparing their defence and of their legal representatives is likely to run into six figures, depending on the length of the trial.
But it could spiral far higher as the men threaten to take their battle to have the case against them thrown out to the Supreme Court.
Lord Hanningfield, who is accused of making false claims for travel allowances, has not made an application for legal aid, the court official added.
The three MPs have brought together some of the country's most eminent barristers, who can charge hundreds of pounds an hour, to fight their cases.
They have already told judges they should be dealt with by Parliamentary authorities instead of the courts.
Barrister Julian Knowles said the defendants will claim to be protected by parliamentary privilege, covered in the 1689 Bill of Rights.
WHAT MESSAGE DOES THIS SEND OUT?
For those of you interested in the Consumer Focus Scotland representation which effectively question's the credibility of Lord Hamilton's plans for McKenzie Friends, you can download the original Consumer Focus Scotland letter to the Scottish Parliament, here : http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/s3/committees/petitions/petitionsubmissions/sub-09/09-PE1247FF.pdf (148K in .pdf format)
ReplyDelete# Anonymous @ 17.45
Thanks, yes I saw today's comment in the Scotsman print edition.
# Anonymous @ 21.58
He would have to join the queue ...
# Anonymous @ 11.20
Yes, I agree .. Lord Hamilton should attend the Scottish Parliament to account for his conduct on the McKenzie Friends issue ...
# Anonymous @ 22.34
Indeed .. and mentioning Henry VIII, one could say those who preside over the Scottish justice system are making it suffer the same lingering raggedy execution of Thomas Cromwell .. the 1st Earl of Essex ...
Thanks for posting the link Mr Cherbi.Yes very interesting that Consumer Focus Scotland should criticise the Lord President so much and yet as I also read from today's Scotsman there is so little coverage of this in the media.
ReplyDeletePerhaps along with bringing people more access to justice you should consider as someone else suggested,bringing people more access to information about the law and start up your own newspaper even though your blog is of course a very fine source of information.
Best wishes
Alan Kerr
Dont want to put up with crooked Scottish lawyers ? organise a boycott of all legal services coming from Scotland and make international customers aware of Scottish lawyers who work abroad because if they are trained here and are or were members of the Law Society of Scotland they have the possibility to stab clients in the back as quick as look at them.
ReplyDeleteYou have all been warned1
I'm a solicitor based in Leeds,have stood in for a friend as a McKenzie Friend before in my spare time just to help him along.He was successful in his case and I charged him no fee although he did send me 6 bottles of wine which I gratefully accepted!
ReplyDeleteI think your Lord President has it all wrong on McKenzie Friends.Perhaps you need some fresh members of the judiciary in Scotland as it all looks a bit stale.If you manage to get some change at the top it should have an effect further down the line.
Good blog etc